Abstract
Purpose – This study explores the relationship between entrepreneurial leadership, school culture, and teachers' creativity within public senior secondary schools in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The research aims to determine whether entrepreneurial leadership directly influences teacher creativity or whether its impact is mediated through the school culture.
Methods/Design/Approach – A quantitative survey methodology was employed, collecting data from 136 teachers across multiple schools in Yogyakarta. Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) was used to analyze the relationships between the variables, including entrepreneurial leadership, school culture, and teachers' creativity.
Findings – The results reveal that entrepreneurial leadership does not directly enhance teachers' creativity within the studied context. However, entrepreneurial leadership significantly contributes to a conducive school culture, which in turn positively impacts teachers' creativity. The study identifies school culture as a critical mediator, suggesting that the influence of entrepreneurial leadership on creativity is indirect and operates primarily through the development of a supportive environment.
Originality/Value – This study provides new insights into the applicability of entrepreneurial leadership in educational settings, particularly in Indonesia. It challenges the assumption that entrepreneurial leadership directly fosters creativity and underscores the importance of school culture as a mediator.
Practical Implications – The findings emphasize the importance of developing a supportive school culture to foster creativity among teachers. Educational leaders should focus on building environments that encourage innovation, collaboration, and growth. Policymakers can support this by integrating entrepreneurial leadership practices with strategies to cultivate a positive school culture, enhancing overall teacher creativity and effectiveness.
Keywords Entrepreneurial leadership, school culture, teacher creativity, educational leadership, Indonesian schools.
Paper type Research paper
Keywords
References
Adriansen, H. K. (2010). How criticality affects students’ creativity. Teaching Creativity–Creativity in Teaching, 65–84.
Al Mamun, A., Ibrahim, M. D., Yusoff, M. N. H. B., & Fazal, S. A. (2018). Entrepreneurial leadership, performance, and sustainability of micro-enterprises in Malaysia. Sustainability, 10(5), 1591.
Alavinia, P., & Pashazadeh, F. (2018). Probing teacher creativity in the light of motivation, self-efficacy and burnout. International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 6(4), 58–68.
Ayob, A., Hussain, A., & A. R. (2013). A Review of Research on Creative Teachers in Higher Education. International Education Studies, 6(6), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n6p8
Bagheri, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurial leadership on innovation work behavior and opportunity recognition in high-technology SMEs. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 28(2), 159–166.
Bagheri, A., & Akbari, M. (2018). The impact of entrepreneurial leadership on nurses’ innovation behavior. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 50(1), 28–35.
Bagheri, A., Akbari, M., & Artang, A. (2020). How does entrepreneurial leadership affect innovation work behavior? The mediating role of individual and team creativity self-efficacy. European Journal of Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2020-0281
Bagheri, A., & Pihie, Z. (2011). Competencies enabling university students to successfully lead entrepreneurial projects and activities. Ipedr.Com, 5, 454–458.
Beghetto, R. A., & Kaufman, J. C. (2014). Classroom contexts for creativity. High Ability Studies, 25(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2014.905247
Cai, W., Lysova, E. I., Khapova, S. N., & Bossink, B. A. (2019). Does entrepreneurial leadership foster creativity among employees and teams? The mediating role of creative efficacy beliefs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 203–217.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://www.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2eV4AgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT313&dq=Chin,+1998&ots=t1Wi67W1sT&sig=w5xFby3szKaqiL7B6RTgWkhORoM
Coyle, P. (2014). How entrepreneurial leadership can engage university staff in the development of an entrepreneurial culture. Industry and Higher Education, 28(4), 263–269.
Dardiri, A., Alfianto, I., Kuncoro, T., Suswanto, H., & Elmunsyah, H. (2018). Entrepreneurial leadership for excellent technical and vocational education institutions. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 16(4), 441.
DeVaney, T. A., Adams, N., Hill-Winstead, F., & Trahan, M. P. (2012). The Revised School Culture Elements Questionnaire: Gender and Grade Level Invariant? Research in the Schools, 19, 30–44.
Dobbins, M., Robeson, P., Ciliska, D., Hanna, S., Cameron, R., O’Mara, L., & Mercer, S. (2009). A description of a knowledge broker role implemented as part of a randomized controlled trial evaluating three knowledge translation strategies. Implementation Science, 4(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-4-23
El-Kafafi, S. (2020). The Role of Entrepreneurial Leadership in Higher Education in Recovering from COVID19. In 5. International EMI Entrepreneurship and Social Sciences Congress PROCEEDINGS E-BOOK (p. 33).
Esmer, Y., & Faruk, D. A. Y. I. (2017). Entrepreneurial leadership: A theoretical framework. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 112–124.
Eyal, O., & Kark, R. (2004). How do Transformational Leaders Transform Organizations? A Study of the Relationship between Leadership and Entrepreneurship. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 3(3), 211–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760490503715
FORNELL, C., & YI, Y. (1992). Assumptions of the Two-Step Approach to Latent Variable Modeling. Sociological Methods & Research, 20(3), 291–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192020003001
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1–2), 1–12.
Harrison, C., Burnard, K., & Paul, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial leadership in a developing economy: A skill-based analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development.
Hemaloshinee Vasudevan. (2013). The Influence of Teachers’ Creativity, Attitude and Commitment on Students’ Proficiency of the English Language. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 1(2), 12–19.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
Hughes, D. J., Lee, A., Tian, A. W., Newman, A., & Legood, A. (2018). Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(5), 549–569.
Jeffrey, B., & Craft, A. (2004). Teaching creatively and teaching for creativity: Distinctions and relationships. Educational Studies, 30(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305569032000159750
Kalkan, Ü., Altınay Aksal, F., Altınay Gazi, Z., Atasoy, R., & Dağlı, G. (2020). The Relationship Between School Administrators’ Leadership Styles, School Culture, and Organizational Image. Sage Open, 10(1), 2158244020902081. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020902081
Karadag, E. (2020). The effect of educational leadership on students’ achievement: A cross-cultural meta-analysis research on studies between 2008 and 2018. Asia Pacific Education Review, 21(1), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09612-1
Kwan, L. Y.-Y., Leung, A. K. -y., & Liou, S. (2018). Culture, Creativity, and Innovation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(2), 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117753306
Latif, K. F., Nazeer, A., Shahzad, F., Ullah, M., Imranullah, M., & Sahibzada, U. F. (2020). Impact of entrepreneurial leadership on project success: Mediating role of knowledge management processes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(2), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2019-0323
Leitch, C. M., & Volery, T. (2017). Entrepreneurial leadership: Insights and directions. International Small Business Journal, 35(2), 147–166.
Lope Pihie, Z. A. (2014). Entrepreneurial leadership practices and school innovativeness. South African Journal of Education, 34(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15700/201412120955
Lope Pihie, Z. A., & Bagheri, A. (2013). The impact of principals’ entrepreneurial leadership behaviour on school organizational innovativeness. Life Science Journal, 10(2), 1033–1041. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Lubis, R. L. (2017). Assessing entrepreneurial leadership and the law: Why are these important for graduate students in Indonesia. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 10, 41–76.
Najim, N., El-refae, G., & Alnaji, L. (2013). The Impact of the Key Dimensions of Entrepreneurship on Opportunities for the Success of New Ventures in the Greater Amman Municipality. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 159–173.
Newman, A., Neesham, C., Manville, G., & Tse, H. H. (2018). Examining the influence of servant and entrepreneurial leadership on the work outcomes of employees in social enterprises. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(20), 2905–2926.
Nozari, A., & Siamian, H. (2014). The Effects of Problem-Solving Teaching on Creative Thinking among District 2 High School Students in Sari City. Materia Socio Medica, 26(6), 360. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2014.26.360-363
Özgenel, M., & Koç, M. H. (2020). An investigation on the relationship between teachers’ occupational commitment and school effectiveness. https://doi.org/10.35826/ijoecc.77
Pihie, Z. A. L., Bagheri, A., & Asimiran, S. (2014). Entrepreneurial leadership behaviour among school principals: Perspectives from Malaysian secondary school teachers. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 22(3), 825–843.
Plucker, J. A., Waitman, G. R., & Hartley, K. A. (2011). Education and Creativity. In Encyclopedia of Creativity (pp. 435–440). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375038-9.00086-8
Prestiadi, D., Zulkarnain, W., & Sumarsono, R. B. (2019). Visionary leadership in total quality management: Efforts to improve the quality of education in the industrial revolution 4.0. 202–206.
Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., & Brannback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 54–74.
Ruskovaara, E., Pihkala, T., Rytkölä, T., & Seikkula-Leino, J. (2011). Entrepreneurship in Entrepreneurship Education – Practices in Finnish Basic and Secondary Education Level. ICSB Conference.
Serdyukov, P. (2017). Innovation in education: What works, what doesn’t, and what to do about it? Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 10(1), 4–33.
Wahab, A., & Tyasari, I. (2020). Entrepreneurial leadership for university leaders: A futuristic approach for Pakistani HEIs. Asia Pacific Management Review, 25(1), 54–63.
Zhou, C., & Luo, L. (2012). Group Creativity in Learning Context: Understanding in a Social-Cultural Framework and Methodology. Creative Education, 3(4), 392–399. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.34062
Licensing
©️ 2024 The Author(s). Published by Global Educational Research Review.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The terms of this license allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript or Published Version in institutional or subject repositories by the author(s).
Reprints and Permissions
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Permission is not required to reuse this article, in part or whole, as long as proper attribution is given
to the original work.
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References
Adriansen, H. K. (2010). How criticality affects students’ creativity. Teaching Creativity–Creativity in Teaching, 65–84.
Al Mamun, A., Ibrahim, M. D., Yusoff, M. N. H. B., & Fazal, S. A. (2018). Entrepreneurial leadership, performance, and sustainability of micro-enterprises in Malaysia. Sustainability, 10(5), 1591.
Alavinia, P., & Pashazadeh, F. (2018). Probing teacher creativity in the light of motivation, self-efficacy and burnout. International Journal of English Language & Translation Studies, 6(4), 58–68.
Ayob, A., Hussain, A., & A. R. (2013). A Review of Research on Creative Teachers in Higher Education. International Education Studies, 6(6), 61–65. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v6n6p8
Bagheri, A. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurial leadership on innovation work behavior and opportunity recognition in high-technology SMEs. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 28(2), 159–166.
Bagheri, A., & Akbari, M. (2018). The impact of entrepreneurial leadership on nurses’ innovation behavior. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 50(1), 28–35.
Bagheri, A., Akbari, M., & Artang, A. (2020). How does entrepreneurial leadership affect innovation work behavior? The mediating role of individual and team creativity self-efficacy. European Journal of Innovation Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-07-2020-0281
Bagheri, A., & Pihie, Z. (2011). Competencies enabling university students to successfully lead entrepreneurial projects and activities. Ipedr.Com, 5, 454–458.
Beghetto, R. A., & Kaufman, J. C. (2014). Classroom contexts for creativity. High Ability Studies, 25(1), 53–69. https://doi.org/10.1080/13598139.2014.905247
Cai, W., Lysova, E. I., Khapova, S. N., & Bossink, B. A. (2019). Does entrepreneurial leadership foster creativity among employees and teams? The mediating role of creative efficacy beliefs. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(2), 203–217.
Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach to structural equation modeling. Modern Methods for Business Research/Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. https://www.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=2eV4AgAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT313&dq=Chin,+1998&ots=t1Wi67W1sT&sig=w5xFby3szKaqiL7B6RTgWkhORoM
Coyle, P. (2014). How entrepreneurial leadership can engage university staff in the development of an entrepreneurial culture. Industry and Higher Education, 28(4), 263–269.
Dardiri, A., Alfianto, I., Kuncoro, T., Suswanto, H., & Elmunsyah, H. (2018). Entrepreneurial leadership for excellent technical and vocational education institutions. World Transactions on Engineering and Technology Education, 16(4), 441.
DeVaney, T. A., Adams, N., Hill-Winstead, F., & Trahan, M. P. (2012). The Revised School Culture Elements Questionnaire: Gender and Grade Level Invariant? Research in the Schools, 19, 30–44.
Dobbins, M., Robeson, P., Ciliska, D., Hanna, S., Cameron, R., O’Mara, L., & Mercer, S. (2009). A description of a knowledge broker role implemented as part of a randomized controlled trial evaluating three knowledge translation strategies. Implementation Science, 4(1), 23. https://doi.org/10.1186/1748-5908-4-23
El-Kafafi, S. (2020). The Role of Entrepreneurial Leadership in Higher Education in Recovering from COVID19. In 5. International EMI Entrepreneurship and Social Sciences Congress PROCEEDINGS E-BOOK (p. 33).
Esmer, Y., & Faruk, D. A. Y. I. (2017). Entrepreneurial leadership: A theoretical framework. Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi İktisadi ve İdari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi, 4(2), 112–124.
Eyal, O., & Kark, R. (2004). How do Transformational Leaders Transform Organizations? A Study of the Relationship between Leadership and Entrepreneurship. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 3(3), 211–235. https://doi.org/10.1080/15700760490503715
FORNELL, C., & YI, Y. (1992). Assumptions of the Two-Step Approach to Latent Variable Modeling. Sociological Methods & Research, 20(3), 291–320. https://doi.org/10.1177/0049124192020003001
Hair, J. F., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2013). Partial least squares structural equation modeling: Rigorous applications, better results and higher acceptance. Long Range Planning, 46(1–2), 1–12.
Harrison, C., Burnard, K., & Paul, S. (2018). Entrepreneurial leadership in a developing economy: A skill-based analysis. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development.
Hemaloshinee Vasudevan. (2013). The Influence of Teachers’ Creativity, Attitude and Commitment on Students’ Proficiency of the English Language. IOSR Journal of Research & Method in Education (IOSR-JRME), 1(2), 12–19.
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2014). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalizing Cultures: The Hofstede Model in Context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
Hughes, D. J., Lee, A., Tian, A. W., Newman, A., & Legood, A. (2018). Leadership, creativity, and innovation: A critical review and practical recommendations. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(5), 549–569.
Jeffrey, B., & Craft, A. (2004). Teaching creatively and teaching for creativity: Distinctions and relationships. Educational Studies, 30(1), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305569032000159750
Kalkan, Ü., Altınay Aksal, F., Altınay Gazi, Z., Atasoy, R., & Dağlı, G. (2020). The Relationship Between School Administrators’ Leadership Styles, School Culture, and Organizational Image. Sage Open, 10(1), 2158244020902081. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020902081
Karadag, E. (2020). The effect of educational leadership on students’ achievement: A cross-cultural meta-analysis research on studies between 2008 and 2018. Asia Pacific Education Review, 21(1), 49–64. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09612-1
Kwan, L. Y.-Y., Leung, A. K. -y., & Liou, S. (2018). Culture, Creativity, and Innovation. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 49(2), 165–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022117753306
Latif, K. F., Nazeer, A., Shahzad, F., Ullah, M., Imranullah, M., & Sahibzada, U. F. (2020). Impact of entrepreneurial leadership on project success: Mediating role of knowledge management processes. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 41(2), 237–256. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2019-0323
Leitch, C. M., & Volery, T. (2017). Entrepreneurial leadership: Insights and directions. International Small Business Journal, 35(2), 147–166.
Lope Pihie, Z. A. (2014). Entrepreneurial leadership practices and school innovativeness. South African Journal of Education, 34(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.15700/201412120955
Lope Pihie, Z. A., & Bagheri, A. (2013). The impact of principals’ entrepreneurial leadership behaviour on school organizational innovativeness. Life Science Journal, 10(2), 1033–1041. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107415324.004
Lubis, R. L. (2017). Assessing entrepreneurial leadership and the law: Why are these important for graduate students in Indonesia. International Journal of Arts & Sciences, 10, 41–76.
Najim, N., El-refae, G., & Alnaji, L. (2013). The Impact of the Key Dimensions of Entrepreneurship on Opportunities for the Success of New Ventures in the Greater Amman Municipality. European Journal of Business and Management, 5(4), 159–173.
Newman, A., Neesham, C., Manville, G., & Tse, H. H. (2018). Examining the influence of servant and entrepreneurial leadership on the work outcomes of employees in social enterprises. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 29(20), 2905–2926.
Nozari, A., & Siamian, H. (2014). The Effects of Problem-Solving Teaching on Creative Thinking among District 2 High School Students in Sari City. Materia Socio Medica, 26(6), 360. https://doi.org/10.5455/msm.2014.26.360-363
Özgenel, M., & Koç, M. H. (2020). An investigation on the relationship between teachers’ occupational commitment and school effectiveness. https://doi.org/10.35826/ijoecc.77
Pihie, Z. A. L., Bagheri, A., & Asimiran, S. (2014). Entrepreneurial leadership behaviour among school principals: Perspectives from Malaysian secondary school teachers. Pertanika Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 22(3), 825–843.
Plucker, J. A., Waitman, G. R., & Hartley, K. A. (2011). Education and Creativity. In Encyclopedia of Creativity (pp. 435–440). https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-375038-9.00086-8
Prestiadi, D., Zulkarnain, W., & Sumarsono, R. B. (2019). Visionary leadership in total quality management: Efforts to improve the quality of education in the industrial revolution 4.0. 202–206.
Renko, M., El Tarabishy, A., Carsrud, A. L., & Brannback, M. (2015). Understanding and measuring entrepreneurial leadership style. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(1), 54–74.
Ruskovaara, E., Pihkala, T., Rytkölä, T., & Seikkula-Leino, J. (2011). Entrepreneurship in Entrepreneurship Education – Practices in Finnish Basic and Secondary Education Level. ICSB Conference.
Serdyukov, P. (2017). Innovation in education: What works, what doesn’t, and what to do about it? Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning, 10(1), 4–33.
Wahab, A., & Tyasari, I. (2020). Entrepreneurial leadership for university leaders: A futuristic approach for Pakistani HEIs. Asia Pacific Management Review, 25(1), 54–63.
Zhou, C., & Luo, L. (2012). Group Creativity in Learning Context: Understanding in a Social-Cultural Framework and Methodology. Creative Education, 3(4), 392–399. https://doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.34062
Licensing
©️ 2024 The Author(s). Published by Global Educational Research Review.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The terms of this license allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript or Published Version in institutional or subject repositories by the author(s).
Reprints and Permissions
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Permission is not required to reuse this article, in part or whole, as long as proper attribution is given
to the original work.