Abstract
Purpose – This study aims to examine the factors influencing the performance of administrative staff at the Graduate School of Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM). Specifically, the research focuses on the roles of leadership competence, achievement motivation, and organizational learning culture in determining staff performance, addressing gaps in previous studies that lacked a comprehensive integration of these factors.
Methods/Design/Approach – A quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design was employed. Data were collected using questionnaires distributed to all 89 administrative staff at the UGM Graduate School, yielding 78 valid responses. The relationships between leadership competence, achievement motivation, organizational learning culture, and performance were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Validity and reliability tests, alongside classical assumption tests, were conducted to ensure the robustness of the model.
Findings – The results demonstrate that both leadership competence and achievement motivation positively and significantly affect staff performance. Achievement motivation was identified as the most dominant factor, while organizational learning culture showed no significant influence. The model explains 57.2% of the variance in staff performance, indicating that other unexplored factors may contribute to performance outcomes.
Originality/Value – This study provides a novel integration of leadership competence, achievement motivation, and organizational learning culture within a single analytical model, contributing to the literature on human resource management in higher education in Indonesia. The findings offer a comprehensive understanding of key factors influencing staff performance in public higher education institutions.
Practical Implications – The findings suggest that higher education management should prioritize leadership development and motivation enhancement initiatives to improve staff performance. Although the organizational learning culture did not significantly affect performance, efforts should still be made to foster a learning environment to support long-term organizational success.
Keywords Leadership competence, achievement motivation, organizational learning culture, staff performance, higher education management
Paper type Research paper
Keywords
References
Akpan, E. C. (2022). Transformational leadership and organizational performance. International Journal of Applied Management Science, 6(9), 68–77.
Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The Internationalization of Higher Education: Motivations and Realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 290–305.
Arikunto, S. (1993). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka Cipta.
Bernardin, H. J., & Russel, J. E. A. (1998). Human Resource Management 2nd Edition – An Experimental Approach. McGraw-Hill.
Bernardin, H. J., & Russell, J. E. A. (1998). Human Resource Management: An Experiential Approach (2, Ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Burke, P. J. (2013). The Right to Higher Education: Neoliberalism, Gender and Professional Mis/recognitions. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 23(2), 107–126.
Churchwell, E., Povich, M. S., Allen, D., Taylor, M. G., Meade, M. R., Babler, B. L., Indebetouw, R., Watson, C., Whitney, B. A., Wolfire, M. G., Bania, T. M., Benjamin, R. A., Clemens, D. P., Cohen, M., Cyganowski, C. J., Jackson, J. M., Kobulnicky, H. A., Mathis, J. S., Mercer, E. P., … Wolff, M. J. (2006). The Bubbling Galactic Disk. The Astrophysical Journal, 649(2), 759. https://doi.org/10.1086/507015
Coole, D. R. (2003). The effects of citizenship performance, task performance, and rating format on performance judgments [University of South Florida]. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1348
Cooper, D. R. C., & Emory, W. (1998). Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Erlangga.
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd Edition, Ed.). Sage Publication, Inc.
Cummings, L. L., & Schwab, D. P. (1973). Performance in Organizations: Determinants and Appraisal. Scott Foresman and Company.
Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service Quality and the Training of Employees: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. Tourism Management, 46, 419–430.
Dopson, S., Ferlie, E., McGivern, G., Fischer, M. D., Mitra, M., Ledger, J., & Behrens, S. (2018). Leadership development in higher education: A literature review and implications for programme redesign. Higher Education Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12194
Gede, D. U., & Huluka, A. T. (2024). Effects of employee engagement on organizational performance: Case of public universities in Ethiopia. Future Business Journal, 10(32), 1–15.
Gujarati, D. N. (2003). Basic Econometries (3rd Edition, Ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Hughes, R., Ginnett, R., & Curphy, G. (2009). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience (6th ed.). McGraw Hill.
Karaj, S., & Stawicka, M. (2023). Factors affecting work motivation of the academic staff. In Economic and Social Development: Proceedings of the 75th International Scientific Conference. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42511-0_35
Kassa, A., & Tegegne, D. (2023). A comparative study on motivational strategies, organizational culture, and climate in public and private institutions. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05259-9
Khan, M. A. (2010). Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Organizational Performance – An Empirical Study of Oil and Gas Industry in Pakistan. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 24, 157–175.
Kotter, J. P. (1982). The general manager. The Free Press.
Kuncoro, M. (2007). Metode Kuantitatif: Teori dan Aplikasi untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi. UPP STTM YKPN.
Lamm, K. W., Carter, H. S., & Melton, A. (2021). Leadership development programming in higher education: An exploration of perceptions of transformational leadership across gender and role types. Journal of Leadership Education, 20(3), 40–56.
Marsick, V. J., & Watkins, K. E. (2003). Demonstrating the value of an organization’s learning culture: The dimensions of learning organizations questionnaire. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 5(2), 132–151.
McClelland, D. C. (1961). The Achieving Society. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human Motivation. Cambridge University Press.
McCloy, A. R., Campbell, D. J., & Cudeek, R. (1994). A confirmatory test of a model of performance determinants. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 493–505.
Mondy, R. W., & Noe, R. M. (1990). Human Resource Management (4th Edition, Ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
Motowidlo, J. S., & Van Scotter, R. J. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 475–480.
Robbins, S. P. (2005). Organization Behaviour (11th Edition, Ed.). Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 66–80.
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, F. E. (1994). An Introduction to Industrial and Organization Psychology (6th Edition, Ed.). Macmillan Publishing Company.
Sekaran, U. (2000). Research Methods for business: A Skill Building Approach. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sekaran, U. (2006). Metodologi Penelitian Untuk Bisnis, Edisi Keempat. Salemba Empat.
Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Doubleday Currency.
Singarimbun, M., & Efendi, S. (1995). Metode Penelitian Survei (Cetakan Kedua). LP3S.
Smerek, R. E., & Peterson, M. (2007). Examining Herzberg’s Theory: Improving Job Satisfaction among Non-Academic Employees at a University. Research In Higher Education, 48(2), 229–250.
Spreitzer, G. M., Perttula, K. H., & Xin, K. (2005). Traditionally Matters: An Examination of the Effectiveness of Transformational Leadership in the United States and Taiwan. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 205–227.
Swiderski, M. (1981). Outdoor leadership competencies identified by outdoor leaders of five western regions. University of Oregon.
Wang, C. F. (2010). An Empirical Study of the Performance of University Teachers Based on Organizational Commitment, Job Stress, Mental Health and Achievement Motivation. Canadian Social Science, 6(4), 127–140.
Licensing
©️ 2024 The Author(s). Published by Global Educational Research Review.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The terms of this license allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript or Published Version in institutional or subject repositories by the author(s).
Reprints and Permissions
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Permission is not required to reuse this article, in part or whole, as long as proper
attribution is given
to the original work.
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References
Akpan, E. C. (2022). Transformational leadership and organizational performance. International Journal of Applied Management Science, 6(9), 68–77.
Altbach, P. G., & Knight, J. (2007). The Internationalization of Higher Education: Motivations and Realities. Journal of Studies in International Education, 11(3–4), 290–305.
Arikunto, S. (1993). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Rineka Cipta.
Bernardin, H. J., & Russel, J. E. A. (1998). Human Resource Management 2nd Edition – An Experimental Approach. McGraw-Hill.
Bernardin, H. J., & Russell, J. E. A. (1998). Human Resource Management: An Experiential Approach (2, Ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Burke, P. J. (2013). The Right to Higher Education: Neoliberalism, Gender and Professional Mis/recognitions. International Studies in Sociology of Education, 23(2), 107–126.
Churchwell, E., Povich, M. S., Allen, D., Taylor, M. G., Meade, M. R., Babler, B. L., Indebetouw, R., Watson, C., Whitney, B. A., Wolfire, M. G., Bania, T. M., Benjamin, R. A., Clemens, D. P., Cohen, M., Cyganowski, C. J., Jackson, J. M., Kobulnicky, H. A., Mathis, J. S., Mercer, E. P., … Wolff, M. J. (2006). The Bubbling Galactic Disk. The Astrophysical Journal, 649(2), 759. https://doi.org/10.1086/507015
Coole, D. R. (2003). The effects of citizenship performance, task performance, and rating format on performance judgments [University of South Florida]. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/1348
Cooper, D. R. C., & Emory, W. (1998). Metode Penelitian Bisnis. Erlangga.
Creswell, J. W. (2003). Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (2nd Edition, Ed.). Sage Publication, Inc.
Cummings, L. L., & Schwab, D. P. (1973). Performance in Organizations: Determinants and Appraisal. Scott Foresman and Company.
Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service Quality and the Training of Employees: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. Tourism Management, 46, 419–430.
Dopson, S., Ferlie, E., McGivern, G., Fischer, M. D., Mitra, M., Ledger, J., & Behrens, S. (2018). Leadership development in higher education: A literature review and implications for programme redesign. Higher Education Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12194
Gede, D. U., & Huluka, A. T. (2024). Effects of employee engagement on organizational performance: Case of public universities in Ethiopia. Future Business Journal, 10(32), 1–15.
Gujarati, D. N. (2003). Basic Econometries (3rd Edition, Ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Hughes, R., Ginnett, R., & Curphy, G. (2009). Leadership: Enhancing the Lessons of Experience (6th ed.). McGraw Hill.
Karaj, S., & Stawicka, M. (2023). Factors affecting work motivation of the academic staff. In Economic and Social Development: Proceedings of the 75th International Scientific Conference. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-42511-0_35
Kassa, A., & Tegegne, D. (2023). A comparative study on motivational strategies, organizational culture, and climate in public and private institutions. Current Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-05259-9
Khan, M. A. (2010). Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Organizational Performance – An Empirical Study of Oil and Gas Industry in Pakistan. European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences, 24, 157–175.
Kotter, J. P. (1982). The general manager. The Free Press.
Kuncoro, M. (2007). Metode Kuantitatif: Teori dan Aplikasi untuk Bisnis dan Ekonomi. UPP STTM YKPN.
Lamm, K. W., Carter, H. S., & Melton, A. (2021). Leadership development programming in higher education: An exploration of perceptions of transformational leadership across gender and role types. Journal of Leadership Education, 20(3), 40–56.
Marsick, V. J., & Watkins, K. E. (2003). Demonstrating the value of an organization’s learning culture: The dimensions of learning organizations questionnaire. Advances in Developing Human Resources, 5(2), 132–151.
McClelland, D. C. (1961). The Achieving Society. D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc.
McClelland, D. C. (1987). Human Motivation. Cambridge University Press.
McCloy, A. R., Campbell, D. J., & Cudeek, R. (1994). A confirmatory test of a model of performance determinants. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 493–505.
Mondy, R. W., & Noe, R. M. (1990). Human Resource Management (4th Edition, Ed.). Allyn and Bacon.
Motowidlo, J. S., & Van Scotter, R. J. (1994). Evidence that task performance should be distinguished from contextual performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(4), 475–480.
Robbins, S. P. (2005). Organization Behaviour (11th Edition, Ed.). Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(1), 66–80.
Schultz, D. P., & Schultz, F. E. (1994). An Introduction to Industrial and Organization Psychology (6th Edition, Ed.). Macmillan Publishing Company.
Sekaran, U. (2000). Research Methods for business: A Skill Building Approach. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Sekaran, U. (2006). Metodologi Penelitian Untuk Bisnis, Edisi Keempat. Salemba Empat.
Senge, P. M. (1990). The Fifth Discipline: The Art and Practice of the Learning Organization. Doubleday Currency.
Singarimbun, M., & Efendi, S. (1995). Metode Penelitian Survei (Cetakan Kedua). LP3S.
Smerek, R. E., & Peterson, M. (2007). Examining Herzberg’s Theory: Improving Job Satisfaction among Non-Academic Employees at a University. Research In Higher Education, 48(2), 229–250.
Spreitzer, G. M., Perttula, K. H., & Xin, K. (2005). Traditionally Matters: An Examination of the Effectiveness of Transformational Leadership in the United States and Taiwan. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 26, 205–227.
Swiderski, M. (1981). Outdoor leadership competencies identified by outdoor leaders of five western regions. University of Oregon.
Wang, C. F. (2010). An Empirical Study of the Performance of University Teachers Based on Organizational Commitment, Job Stress, Mental Health and Achievement Motivation. Canadian Social Science, 6(4), 127–140.
Licensing
©️ 2024 The Author(s). Published by Global Educational Research Review.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
The terms of this license allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript or Published Version in institutional or subject repositories by the author(s).
Reprints and Permissions
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0
International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Permission is not required to reuse this article, in part or whole, as long as proper attribution is
given
to the original work.